If a company wanted to have reliable production, it should stick with known, proven. Two sets of electromagnets are formed inside any motor. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a magnetic field by means of a current flowing into one or more coils. When using this handbook, remember it is only a summary of laws and regulations. Department of motor vehicles dmv agree that combining qual ity motorcycle rider education and increased public awareness, has the potential to reduce the number and severity of motorcycle collisions. The standard electric service supplied by the company is alternating current with a nominal frequency of 60 hertz cycles per second. The main reason for this endorcement is that they have done an excellent job of covering all major types of motors and they have included most of the new design currently being investigated for new motor applications. The premium efficiency motor selection and application guide and its companion publication, continuous energy improvement in motor driven systems, have been developed by the u. And, the stepper motor, a digital version of the motor, is driven by alternating current square waves, again, generated by solidstate circuitry. This promoted the induction motor spectacular comeback in variable speed drives with applications in all industries. Motor handbook seventh edition, may 2011 version 7. This portable document format \pdf\ file contains bookmarks, thumbnails, and hyperlinks to help you navigate through the document. In addition, the dutycycle and magnitude of the slipring current is usually low compared to the line current. Motor guide february 2014 low voltage motors motor guide.
Single phase motors resistance startinduction run motors rsir this motor type is also referred to as splitphase motors. Department of energy doe office of energy efficiency and. This is the problem encountered by singlephase induction motors. Introduction to ac motors ac motors electronics textbook. Before we discuss these modifications, here it is essential to discuss what is the need and where do we need to do modifications. As this is a grundfos publication, it is only natural that we should pay special attention to motors used for pumps although much of the information contained within these pages. This chapter focuses on practical aspects of alternating current ac motors. A threephase electric motor, 100 hp 75 kw, iv poles, running at 100% of the rated power, with an original power factor of 0. Alternating current ac induction motors are divided into two electrical categories based on their power source single phase and polyphase.
Motor handbook oklahoma 100 south cooley drive oklahoma city, oklahoma u. A special type of overcurrent protection device used commonly in motor control circuits is the overload heater. Induction motor theory jerry bednarczyk, pe course content introduction the ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion of electromagnetic energy. Ac series motors are also known as the modified dc series motor as their construction is very similar to that of the dc series motor. It is aimed at decision makers including designers, specifiers, purchasing managers, oems and endusers.
Describe how a squirrel cage motor is built, and classify it as either an induction motor or a synchronous motor. The direction is changed by reversing the polarity on the leads. Motorcycle california department of motor vehicles. One type of directcurrent motor can also operate on alternating current. To some, motor speed control is somewhat of a mystical science, a science that causes motors and machines to sometimes operate in unexpected ways. If the motor must be mounted to a plate with the driven equipment such as pump, compressor etc. This motor handbook was created by infineon technologies ag together with. Text headings in each module are linked to and f\ rom the table of contents for that module.
Alternating current motors or ac motors are built on the principle that nikola tesla discovered in the late 19th century. The sliptings used on certain ac motors are of relatively simple nature and involve much less cost or maintenance than brushcommutator systems. Doe fundamentals handbook electrical science volume 1 of 4 u. Consequently, the rated output of 100 horsepower should be derated to approximately 82 hp to reduce the possibility of damage to the motor. Terminal box cooling fan drive shaft stator windings rotor stator dend nend about motors. In general, the induction motor is cheaper and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives. The most popular type is the 3phase, squirrelcage ac induction motor. An ac motor of this type may be part of a pump or fan or connected to some other form of mechanical equipment such as a winder, conveyor, or mixer.
This final thesis will mostly be dedicated to induction motors but also to synchronous permanent magnet and reluctance motors. By far the most commonly used ac motor is the induction motor. Mechanical energy what is an electric motor an electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. Grundfos motor book 24 grundfos motor book basic types of singlephase induction motors 2. These devices are connected in series with the motor conductors.
This book, therefore, targets the large body of workers engineers and students reasonably versed in engineering concepts who feel the need for practical insights relating to electric motors. Motor speed relationship the synchronous speed of an ac motor is the speed of the rotating magnetic field set up by the stator winding synchronous speed rpm 120 x frequency divided by the number of poles. The handbook contains a wide array of topics and each topic is written by an authority on the subject. Without the use of a threephase alternating current, an artificial phase displacement must be established. Handbook of automotive power electronics and motor drives. The ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. This handbook is intended to be an aid to the operator and is solely provided for information and illustration purposes. If the stator could only develop another current, slightly out of phase from the original current, a revolving field could be assimilated. The maximum torque is limited by the current rating of the motor and it is obtained at zero speed startup. Pdf handbook of automotive power electronics and motor. Testing can be conducted without interrupting the normal operation of the motor, and in fact should be performed when.
Small power induction motors, in most home appliances, are fed from the local single phase a. The induction motor is made up of the stator, or stationary windings, and the rotor. The motor is controlled by applying a voltage to the motor leads. There are two major components of an ac induction motor. Pdl gains the advantages of flexibility and programmability.
For instance, a 100 horsepower, threephase motor operating with voltages of 598, 575 and 552 applied at the motor terminals is running with a 4% voltage unbalance 100 x 23575. About motors note that in this handbook we will focus on asynchronous motors only. Service availability the voltage, number of phases, load and type of metering that can be supplied depends upon the companies. This portable document format \ pdf \ file contains bookmarks, thumbnails, and hyperlinks to help you navigate through the document. Other motors that are included are 1phase induction motors, permanent synchronous motors and synchronous reluctance motors. Department of energy doe office of energy efficiency and renewable energy eere with support from the copper. The stator is composed of laminations of highgrade sheet steel. This advisory circular ac provides procedural and guidance material for the type certification tc of aircraft engines. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion of electromagnetic energy to mechanical energy, and vice versa. Pulse width modulation the most popular power devices for motor control applications are power mosfets and igbts. The theory used in the work was collected by studying literature on how electrical motors work, and by simplifying the. The alternating current ac induction motor is one of the most rugged and most widely used machines in industry.
This handbook is to be used for gyroplane information only. L1 l2 run m1 to 3phase motor power source m1 ol ol. The handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. Explain how this motor can be operated as either a synchronous motor or a plain induction motor. The following graph illustrates a typical speed torque curve for a nema design b induction motor. Premium efficiency motor selection and application guide i acknowledgments the premium efficiency motor selection and application guide and its companion publication, continuous energy improvement in motordriven systems, have been developed by the u. The brushless dc motor, actually an ac motor, is replacing the conventional brushed dc motor in many applications. It is very important that this brace be reinstalled exactly as it was originally, before the motor is moved from storage or any time when the motor is being transported. Ac 332b aircraft engine type certification handbook. Contents 4th edition leading motor and drilling tool. Motor current signature analysis mcsa is a proven and accepted method for determining the condition of a motors current carrying components. They are usually cheaper than other singlephase motor types used by industries, but also have some limitations in terms of.
Senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering. In an ac induction motor, one set of electromagnets is formed in the stator because of the ac supply connected to the stator windings. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. The principle of an ac motor is that electric current is applied to electromagnets, creating a rotating magnetic field to convert electrical energy to rotation mechanical energy. The end of the motor is defined in the iecstandard as follows. Be sure to read and understand the safety notice statements in this manual. Interpret this ac motor control circuit diagram, explaining the meaning of each symbol. The electronic commutation switches the current back and forth to mimic ac current and keep the motor turning. The figure above shows the family tree of the ac motors described in this chapter. Principle of ac servo motor 3 design of motor 2 stator stator is composed of the core and winding which generates torque. It is designed for highfrequency operation and has a low. The modules listed in the overview are linked to the corresponding pages. This book, therefore, targets the large body of workers engineers and students. Rather than motor design, their chief concerns lie with the selection, system installation, operation and performance evaluation of.
Electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and applications third edition austin hughes senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering, university of leeds amsterdam boston heidelberg london new york oxford paris san diego san francisco singapore sydney tokyo newnes is an imprint of. Various types of ac induction motors are available in the market. Read online now motor rewinding procedure ebook pdf at our library. A singlephase ac induction motor depends on extra electrical components to produce this rotating magnetic field. Chapter 2 in bodines gearmotor handbook describes operation and function of ac induction motors and gearmotors.
Ac induction motors are the most common motors used in industrial motion control systems, as well as in main powered home appliances. Complex motions can be designated via pdl, such as extrusion process, pointtopoint motion, fixed speed control, homing process and so on. The ac covers certain sections of parts 21 and 33 of subchapter c, chapter 1, title 14, of the code of federal regulations cfr. We discuss the various winding types splitphase, singlephase, shadedpole, and 3phase as well as how the line frequency, supply voltage and pole count affect motor performance. The nend is normally the nondrive end of the motor. Single phase magnetic induction motor with exposed rotor and coil after all, motors are always designed to carry out specific tasks. If a seried dc motor has a laminated stator frame, it can run effectively htt l d iki di iki di 667 from an ac supply as well as dc, this is the. The ac motors can be divided in two sub categories, synchronous motors and asynchronous motors. The treatment throughout the handbook is practical with very little emphasis on theory. These devices are connected in series with the motor conductors, and heat up slightly under normal current conditions. See articles 112114 for nominal supply voltages and their load limitations. Its most common application is in such power tools as an electric drill. That a motor is synchronous means that the motor shaft is rotating with the same speed as the rotating magnetic field inside the motor whereas an asynchronous motor rotates. An understanding of several points on this curve will aid in.
Get motor rewinding procedure pdf file for free from our online library pdf file. Simple and rugged design, lowcost, low maintenance and direct connection to an ac power source are the main advantages of ac induction motors. The ac induction motor is the most used electrical motor in industrial applications worldwide. Over 30 years ago, ac drives were considered new technology. There are two types of induction motors, one with wound type rotor, also called slipring motor and another one with squirrelcage rotor. Practical electric motor handbook pdf by irving m gottlieb.
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